The scatter of water droplets from a dripping tap is never the same twice, even though each drip is an almost exact duplicate of the last. In chaossynchronizationbased cryptosystems, the information can be transmitted by one or more chaotic signals in a number of ways, including but not limited to the following ones. This paper proposes a chaosbased magic square image cipher algorithm. The chaos based cryptographic algorithms have suggested some new and efficient ways to develop secure data encryption techniques. Each system keeps computing a numerically generated trajectory without any kind of. In this paper we use symmetric cryptography and chaos for encrypt images. Either use a suitable chaotic map, which preserves important properties during discretization for block cipher or use a balanced combining function and a suitable keystream. Though a large number of chaos based cryptosystems have been proposed, many of them were not designed in a secure way and have been found insecure. Hence, if an eavesdropper is connected to the communication channel after this moment, she will not obtain enough information to break the system. Goldwasser and mihir bellare in the summers of 19962002, 2004, 2005 and 2008. Towards this direction, we design an efficient chaos based symmetric cryptography system for image encryption. Review of the book chaosbased cryptography edited by.
It started out with efforts to synchronize identical systems 15, but lately much emphasis has been laid on the synchronization of nonidentical systems 6,7 generalized synchronization. An attempt only to mention all related papers on chaos and cryptography in this short presentation will result in a prohibitively long list. Key left rotate in cbcschaosbased cryptosystem now we perform rotate right operation on original four 8 bit binary key w, x, y and z combined together fig 4. Jan 08, 2012 chaos theory teaches us that even very simple rules can lead to extremely complex and unpredictable behaviour. The book gives a thorough description of chaos based cryptography, which consists of chaos basic theory, chaos properties suitable for cryptography, chaos based cryptographic techniques, and various secure applications based on chaos. Guan, 1987, but it is in the 90s, when chaotic cryptography really takes off. By cycling chaos me wean orbits of discretetime systems or solution trajectories of continuoustime systems that linger around various chaotic sets. An introduction to cryptography 7 advances in cryptology, conference proceedings of the iacr crypto confer ences, published yearly by springerverlag. Recently, chaos based encryption techniques introduce several merits over the classical techniques such as extensive security levels, complexity and fast speed. Lessons learnt from the cryptanalysis of chaosbased ciphers gonzalo alvarez1, jos e mar a amig o2, david arroyo3, shujun li4 8. In chaosbased cryptography, the state space is typically a finite binary space 0, 1, 1, 2, 2 where plaintext and ciphertext. Shannon explicitly mentions that the basic stretchandfold mechanism of chaos can be used in cryptology. Chaos based cryptography using classical cryptographic algorithms a different approach 7 8 uses two chaotic signals.
The encryption structure which combined the logistic map with sdes system is showed as fig. Cryptanalysis of a classical chaosbased cryptosystem with some quantum cryptography features 3 and x b. Recently, along with the rapid development of theory and application of chaos, many researchers are now focusing on the chaotic cryptography. Based on strengths and weaknesses of already existing algorithms, kelber and schwarz formulated several general rules to design a good chaosbased cryptosystem 910. Additionally, the cryptosystem has some con guration problems that result in an e cency degradation. In this chapter we give an overview and the state of the art in the field of chaos based cryptography. Both of these chapters can be read without having met complexity theory or formal methods before.
Each character is also encrypted based on the number of. Our implementation is based on discretetime coupled cell systems but it can also be readily developed with continuoustimecell systems. Because there are problems with chaos based cryptography schemes. See cryptography for the internet, philip zimmermann, scientific american, october 1998 introductory tutorial article. Chaosbased image encryption algorithm sciencedirect.
Chaos synchronization and cryptography for secure communications. The maps and algorithms may be combined as desired, creating keys as complicated as desired. Pdf over the past decade, there has been tremendous interest in studying the behavior of chaotic systems. Several examples, including chaotic block cypher and chaotic publickey encryption. Thanks for contributing an answer to stack overflow. Cryptography overview john mitchell cryptography uis a tremendous tool the basis for many security mechanisms uis not the solution to all security problems reliable unless implemented properly reliable unless used improperly uencryption scheme. Key left rotate in cbcs chaos based cryptosystem now we perform rotate right operation on original four 8 bit binary key w, x, y and z combined together fig 4. A new chaosbased imageencryption and compression algorithm. Since 1990s, many researchers have noticed that there exists an interesting relationship between chaos and cryptography.
A potential security vulnerability of embedding compression in a chaosbased cryptography is studied. Using nonlinear feedback, the dynamics of the response system can be converted from chaotic to periodic chaos control, from one period to the other and even from periodic to chaotic chaos anticontrol, depending on the dynamical behavior of the drive system. The public key cryptosystems based on chebyshev polynomials enjoy some nice chaotic properties, which makes them suitable for use in both encryption and digital signature. Image encryption using hyper chaos and symmetric cryptography. A brief overview article pdf available in ieee circuits and systems magazine. In recent years, chaosbased image encryption has become an efficient way to encrypt images due to its high security. Combining the outputs of two or more chaotic systems to generate the pseudo. The characteristics of chaos systems are characterized mainly sensitivities to initial conditions and other system parameters. In this paper, chaosbased cryptography is discussed from a point of.
Chaos, cryptology, and the coupled map lattice a senior. Chaos based cryptography, attracting many researchers in the past decade, is a research field across two fields, i. The hash table is a data structure that is composed of buckets, each of which is indexed by a hash code. This correspondence considers the use of multiple chaotic dynamics and drive chaotic trajectory by both plaintext sequence and initial values of a chaotic map. A novel authentication scheme combining chaotic cryptographics and a. A lot of image encryption schemes based on chaos theory have been presented. An algorithm to achieve cryptography hashing is the chaos based cryptographic hash function which indexes all items in hash tables and searches for near items via hash table lookup. Channel coding using lfsr based symmetric cryptography. To play a bit with the password and shadow files we first add some users, say tom, alice and bob. Cryptanalysis of a classical chaos based cryptosystem with some quantum cryptography features 3 and x b. Namely, it is possible to get an estimation of some of the secret parameters of the cryptosystems just by direct observation of the information in the public communication channel. The chaosbased cryptography is discussed from a point of view which we believe is closer to the spirit of both cryptography and chaos theory than the way the subject has been treated recently by. Firstly, it used magic square algorithm to transform the original image preprocessing, the process is the basis of the original magic square algorithm to improve the ranks of transform. In this paper, a chaotic based cipher that incorporates both logistic chaotic map and tent map is proposed.
Aainstitute for physical science and technology, university of maryland, college park, md 20742, usa publication. Cryptography is the study of secret crypto writing graph. These applications have been motivated by the chaotic properties such as ergodicity and sensitive dependence on. Additionally, it covers both the latest research results and some open issues or hot topics. A potential security vulnerability of embedding compression in a chaos based cryptography is studied. It refers to the design of mechanisms based on mathematical algorithms that provide fundamental information security services. Combining the superincreasing sequence with the plaintext n n1 n2. Chaosbased crypto and joint cryptocompression systems for. Key right rotate in cbcs chaos based cryptosystem next we perform xor operation using this left shifted key and the right shifted key to obtain a new 32bit binary key. Compared with the classical quadratic map, the proposed quadratic map demonstrates better chaotic properties for encryption such as a. The book gives a thorough description of chaosbased cryptography, which consists of chaos basic theory, chaos properties suitable for cryptography, chaosbased cryptographic techniques, and various secure applications based on chaos. By now, the history of chaosbased cryptography is more than two decades long. Abstract it is possible to encrypt a message a text composed by some alphabet using the ergodic property of the simple lowdimensional and chaotic logistic equation.
In recent years, a large amount of work on chaosbased cryptosystems have been. Chaosbased symmetric key cryptosystems christopher a. Chaos theory becomes popular cryptography becomes more important 30 publications in 1990s various ciphers suggested focus on analog circuits. Chaotic cryptography is the application of the mathematical chaos theory to the practice of the cryptography, the study or techniques used to privately and securely transmit information with the presence of a thirdparty or adversary. We argue that if a chaotic map f is used in cryptography, then it should be implemented as a bijection f m. Cryptography is the field of information security technology research priorities. The chaos based cryptography is discussed from a point of view which we believe is closer to the spirit of both cryptography and chaos theory than the way the subject has been treated recently by. In fact, it has been noticed that a systematic approach to the design and security evaluation of chaos based cryptosystems is lacking. The rst section deals with the main problems of chaosbased cryptography, which are the conclusion of our work in the eld of the cryptanalysis of chaotic cryptosystems. Over the past decade, there has been tremendous interest in studying the behavior of chaotic systems. Furthermore, a scheme for improving its security is proposed.
Chaosbased cryptography using classical cryptographic algorithms a different approach 7 8 uses two chaotic signals. Lessons learnt from the cryptanalysis of chaos based ciphers gonzalo alvarez1, jos e mar a amig o2, david arroyo3, shujun li4 8. Chaotic trajectory is used for encryption that is never reused for. In this paper, we improve the classical quadratic chaotic map to enhance its chaotic properties and use it for image encryption. The hash table is a data structure that is composed of buckets, each. To add users use the command sudo useradd m username m creates the home directory of the user then to set the password use sudo passwd username sudo allows you to run the usearadd. Chaosbased cryptography in recent years, there is an increasing trend of designing ciphers based on chaos 1114. The basic properties of chaotic systems are the deterministicity, the sensitivity to initial conditions and parameters and the ergodicity. For each operation, the tcc is calculated according to the published manual. A survey of existing methods and a proposed implementation incorporating fluid dynamics approaches thesis pdf available december 2016 with 344 reads how we.
Chaos theory and cryptography cryptography ii term paper. Decryption requires the reverse application of the algorithms. Key right rotate in cbcschaosbased cryptosystem next we perform xor operation using this left shifted key and the right shifted key to obtain a new 32bit binary key. This is because chaotic systems are sensitive to the initial condition and the system parameters 15.
What frustrated weather forecasts and predictions of all kinds of systems nevertheless proved promising to another class of problems, that of generating random numbers and cryptography. Dhodapkar reactor control division introduction cryptography is the science of protectiinformation during ng the privacy of communication under hostile conditions. Breaking an image encryption algorithm based on dna. The thread followed by these notes is to develop and explain the. Some basic cryptographic requirements for chaosbased. A new algorithm of encryption and decryption of images using. Abstract it is possible to encrypt a message a text composed by some alphabet using the ergodic property of.
A new image cipher algorithm based on chaos scientific. It chaos properties, such as randomness and ergodicity, have been proved to be suitable for designing the means for data protection. Chaos refers to randomness and it is defined as a study of nonlinear dynamic system. Juarez san diego state university, nonlinear dynamics group, department of mathematics, san diego, ca 921827720, usa received 27 june 2002. Cryptography deals with the actual securing of digital data. The basic properties of chaotic systems are the deterministicity, the sensitivity to initial conditions and. Review of the book chaosbased cryptography edited by ljupco. Introduction interest in synchronization of chaos has increased because of its possible relevance to secure communications. Realtime and portable chaosbased cryptocompression. They are characterized by sensitive dependence on initial conditions, similarity to random behavior, and continuous broadband power spectrum. Chaos theory teaches us that even very simple rules can lead to extremely complex and unpredictable behaviour. An efficient chaosbased optimization algorithm approach for cryptography international journal of communication network security issn. Current cryptographic techniques are based on number theoretic or algebraic concepts. This book explores the combination of ordinary and time delayed systems and their applications in cryptographic encodingprovided by publisher.
The security offered by cryptographicbased systems. Chaotic cryptology includes two integral opposite parts. Cryptography, chaos, image encryption, text encryption, cryptography with. This is a set of lecture notes on cryptography compiled for 6. Cryptography is the art and science of making a cryptosystem that is capable of providing information security. There are many papers about chaos based hash functions but as far as i know none of them is used in commercial applications. Chaosbased image encryption using an improved quadratic. Collision resistant hash function in chaos cryptography. In this paper we focus on chaos based methods used for image encryption. In this chapter we give an overview and the state of the art in the field of chaosbased cryptography.
Basic concepts in cryptography fiveminute university. Chaos encryption algorithm using key generation from. For cryptography, this could be the promise of producing simpler or better randomness in terms of performance tenny et al. Table 1 contains a partial list of these properties. Chaotic image scrambling algorithm based on sdes, 2006 x y yu, j zhang, h e ren, g s xu and x y luo proposed a dual image encryption algorithm based on sdes and logistic map. Cryptanalysis of a classical chaosbased cryptosystem with. A new algorithm of encryption and decryption of images. Much of the approach of the book in relation to public key algorithms is reductionist in nature.
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